Essay On Al Capone - 1271 Words

Al Capone was a highly known gangster in the 1920s Alphonse Capone born in Brooklyn, New York to a poor US immigrant couple, Gabriele and Teresina Capone, seeking a better opportunity for their then big family of eight children. He was known for running many lucrative illegal businesses that included alcohol bootlegging, gambling, prostitution, and protection. Al Capone was so notorious that he would murder those who got in his way. With little prosecution of his actions, Al Capone believed his self to being unstoppable. Al Capone, being raised as a kid in poverty learned hands on how to organize crime and became the biggest force in organized crime. Many poor and uneducated immigrants began to pour into the United States during the†¦show more content†¦With Chicago’s government being weak and easily to extort, Capone and Torrio began a business together through bootlegging, gang violence, and gambling in houses called deuces. At the beginning of the 1920s, James Colosimo was in charge and making the most money. Colosimo effectively developed profound political associations, by becoming a precinct captain in the First Ward Aldermen Coughlin and Kenna, and later turning into the bagman (authority of illicit benefits and container of fixes) in the vice laden Levee District, which gave him political insurance from any prosecution. He and Torrio also ran a very successful group of racketeers. This gang would become a crime organization called the Outfit through Al Capone syndicate. According to the PowerPoint, Colosimo did not want to be a part of the bootlegging business. Torrio disagreed stating that it was his opp ortunity and wealth. When Colosimo returned from his honeymoon, he was shot and killed in his own cafà ©. Many were led to think Torrio paid Frankie Yale to get rid of Colosimo. Torrio became the head leader and created a huge criminal empire through bootlegging. He shaped a new gang cartel that allocated the bootlegging industry ensuring product stability and higher profits. Dion O’Banion, the gardener, was a rival bootlegger who did whatever he wanted and killed whoever he thought was in his way. One day, O’Banion sent Torrio to jail for petty charge and bragged about it. A fewShow MoreRelated Al Capone Essay1654 Words   |  7 Pages Al Capone, probably the most notorious and well known gangster in history, was born in 1887 in Naples, Italy. His father, Gabriel Caponi, immigrated to Brooklyn from the slums of Naples in 1910. After he came here he changed his last name too Capone too blend in more. Al Capone’s gang activities started out when he was young. He was in the Five Points Gang, who were known for their violence. The gang’s tradition was to scar their victims with a knife cut from the outside corners of their eyes toRead More Al Capone Essay1518 Words   |  7 Pages Al Capone still remains one of the most notable residents of quot;the Rock.quot; In a memoir written by Warden James Johnston, he reminisced about the intensity of public interest around Capones imprisonment, stating that he was continually barraged with questions about quot;Big Al.quot; Each day newspapers and press flooded his office with phone calls, wanting to know everything from how Capone liked the weather on quot;the Rock,quot; to what job assignment he was currently holding. BeforeRead MoreEssay on Al Capone697 Words   |  3 PagesAl Capone is one of Americas most feared, greatest-known gangsters and the utmost symbol of the fail of law and order in the United States during the 1920’s Prohibition era. Alphonse Capone was born on January 17, 1899, in Naples, Italy. He and his family later immigrated to the United States. They settled in Brooklyn, New York (â€Å"Capone, Alphonse†). Al Capone was a ruthless, violent, horrifying gangster. He was very organized and set on his high income. In 1920’s and 1930’s, Capone was the mostRead MoreEssay on Al Capone1286 Words   |  6 Pages Alphonse quot;Scar Facequot; Capone was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1899, to an immigrant family. He was born with type O blood. People supposedly born with O type blood tend to have the drive to succeed in leadership quality. They are strong, certain, and powerful, as will be seen later. However Al Capones leadership was taken to the extreme. (4 Blood Types, 4 Diets Eat Right 4 Your Type) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Certainly many Italian immigrants like immigrants of all nationalities, frequentlyRead MoreEssay on Al Capone1697 Words   |  7 PagesAl Capone In 1920, the United States entered a new stage in its life, the Era of Prohibition. However, flaws in the planning, execution, and administration caused this noble idea to vacillate unquestionably. However, men who were willing to break the law were the ones that were able to build a lucrative life for themselves; one such man was Alphonse Capone. However, honest men such as Elliot Ness fought adamantly to defend their morals, beliefs, and the law of the land. Nevertheless, Capone wasRead More Al Capone Essay2647 Words   |  11 PagesAl Capone Prohibition led to the bootlegging of liquor and the gang wars of the 1920’s. The most notorious gangster of all time, known as Al Capone, was the most powerful mob leader of his era. He dominated organized crime in the Chicago area from 1925 until 1931. Capone grew up during the roaring 20s in Chicago. He joined the James Street gang, lead by Johnny Torrio. In 1920, Torrio asked Capone to move to Chicago and work with his uncle who controlled the city’s largest prostitution and gamblingRead MoreAl Capone Essay1856 Words   |  8 PagesNational Prohibition Act became the 18th Amendment in America. This law, which only began on the 16th of January 1920, saw the manufacture, transportation and sale of intoxicating liquors banned in every state of America. During the time of prohibition Al Capone became the most infamous gangster of American history as a result of his multimillion dollar Chicago operation. Capone’s operation involved bootlegging, prostitution and g ambling, where he dominated the organised crime spectacle of America. OrganisedRead MoreAl Capone Essay1485 Words   |  6 PagesSCARFACE Capone Born in New York City, in 1899, by parents Gabriel and Teresa Capone, Alphonse Capone was blessed with a historical blend of ruthless gangster in his blood. Al Capones parents immigrated to the United States in 1893, from Naples, Italy. Al Capone came from a huge family. He was the fourth oldest of nine children. At birth, Capones parents never would have believed that their son, Alphonse Capone, would grow up to be a murderous thug without remorse. As a child, Al Capone wasRead More Al Capone Essay688 Words   |  3 PagesAl Capone Throughout Americas history there have been many famous criminals, John Dillinger, John Gotti, Lucky Luciano, just to name a few. However, due to his extreme wealth and Godfather like status, the most notorious and famous one might have been Al Capone. Alphonse Capone was born in Brooklyn, New York on January 17, 1899 to immigrants from Naples, Italy. At a very young age, he became involved in organized crime by quitting school after sixth grade and joining a local neighborhoodRead More Al Capone Essay1867 Words   |  8 Pages Al Capone Al Capone is Americas best-known gangster and the single greatest symbol of the collapse of law and order in the United States during the 1920s Prohibition era. Capone had a leading role in the illegal activities that lent Chicago its reputation as a lawless city. Al Capones mug shot, 1931. Capone was born on January 17, 1899, in Brooklyn, New York. Baptized quot;Alphonsus Capone,quot; he grew up in a rough neighborhood and was a member of two quot;kid gangs,quot; the Brooklyn

The Health Care System Of Nursing - 1231 Words

The Institute of Medicine has stated the following in one of their reports, â€Å"The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health, emphasizes that strong nursing leadership is necessary to improve patient safety outcomes and that the nursing profession must enhance its leadership role in health care redesign† (Fardellone, Musil, Smith, Click, 2014, p. 506). As described by the Institute of Medicine, leaders in nursing have a vital role throughout the health care system (Fardellone et al., 2014). In the health care system there are many different types of nursing leaders, many of which handle situations differently. This paper will reveal how to deal with a disliked change as a leader, how to transition into a leadership role, and†¦show more content†¦393). If I were a nurse manager dealing with inevitable change that was disliked by my staff, I would utilize ‘ethical decision-making model’ (Toren Wagner, 2010, p. 395). The ethical decision-making model contains the following steps: â€Å"define the ethical dilemma, clarify th e personal and professional values, ethical principles and laws involved, Identify the alternatives for action, choose an action, initiate discussion about unresolved issues, and generalize the solution to other similar cases† (Toren Wagner, 2010, p. 395). The model helps the nurse manager to stay on track and consider the best possible action. When considering leadership styles to implement a conflicting change, I would probably use some of the transformational leadership style. I think it is important for a nurse manager to take ownership of the decision, and use inspiration and compassion when revealing the change to staff. When individuals are communicated a change that is unfavorable, it is important to allow them to visualize the whole picture and formulate their own opinions. As a nurse manager in conflicting change I would lay all the information about the change out on the table and allow the staff to ask questions. Then I would give the staff a few days to ta ke everything in. Once the staff had time I would use open discussion: Open discussion creates an ethical climate in which staff can experience and take part in the

Fundamentals of Database Systems Pearson

Question: Describe about the Fundamentals of Database Systems for Pearso? Answer: Ch 21: Introduction to Transaction Processing Concepts and Theory Figure 21.2 is, Now the transaction T2 is changes into, T2 read_item(X); X:= X+M; if X 90 then exit else write_item(X); Based on the changed transaction details, the schedules, Will run and outcome from schedule (a) will be, X is only 2 less than the initial value and Y is 2 more than the initial value. But, the problem of lost update will exist. Adding the condition will have no effect on the previous problem. For schedule (b) if the initial value of X is 92 or more then X will be updated by T1 only, the update by T2 will have no effect. The number of serial schedule possible are 6. Those are, T1 T2 T3 T1T3T2 T3T2T1 T2T1T3 T2T3T1 T3T1T2 Total number of possible schedule is 3! = 6. A transaction should work as an atomic transaction. So there will be only one point of beginning of a transaction. Hence, an explicit begin is not necessary as this is trivial. On the other hand, there may be two different cases, of ending a transaction on a database. The ending can be either by committing the transaction successfully or due to some abort operation. So, an explicit end command is needed to ensure valid and successful ending of a transaction on a database. Ch 22: Concurrency Control Techniques In case of strict two phase locking protocol, if there is two transactions, then one have to wait for another to commit. Once one transaction is committed, then other can read the data. So, this condition ensures strict serializability of transactions under two phase locking protocol. Hence, proved. Ch 23: Database Recovery Techniques No, no differences will be made in the recovery process. The read_item operations are needed only to determine the cascading rollbacks if there is any additional transaction. The transactions T1 and T2 both are not committed yet, when the system crashes. Thus those transactions will be rolled back in the recovery process. There are some difference with ARIES. In ARIES, the modified memory buffers are not flushed into the disks. The additional information are written on the log file as a transaction table. A additionally a dirty page table is written during check pointing. In a No Steal case, no updates on some buffered page will be written back to the disks before commitment of the transaction. On the other hand, force means, updates on such pages will be written at the time of commitment of a transaction. In case of check pointing, No steal refers to the scheme that the modification of the main memory buffers will not be written back to the disk when some uncommitted transactions are updating the pages on main memory. In case of force, when a transaction is over, the updates will be written back to the disk. Failure in doing so, will need a Redo command. It does not need any Undo command as there is no uncommitted updates propagation to the disks. Ch 24: Database Security The limit on horizontak propagation will be 5 and limit on vertical propagation will be up to level 1 for USER_A. So, USER_A can grant using GRANT command to at most 5 other users. Then no more granting is possible by USER_A. NAME SALARY JobPerformance TC Smith U Null U Null U U When a classification U user tries to update SALARY or Smith to $50000 then the 3rd poly instantiation of the Smith tuple will happen. The result will be NAME SALARY JobPerformance TC Smith U 40000 C Fair S S Smith U 40000 C Excellent C C Smith U 50000 U Null U U Brown C 80000 S Good C S References: Elmasri, R., Navathe, S. B. (2013). Fundamentals of Database Systems. Pearson . Mullins, C. S. (2013). Database Administration: The Complete Guide to DBA Practices and Procedures. Addison-Wesley Professional. zsu, M. T., Valduriez, P. (2011). Principles of Distributed Database Systems. Springer. Rahimi, S. K., Haug, F. S. (2010). Distributed Database Management Systems. John Wiley Sons. Silberschatz, A., Korth, H. F., Sudarshan, S. (2011). Database System Concepts (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill.

International expansion of Tesco in Australia-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the International expansion of Tesco in Australia. Answer: Introduction Tesco is a multinational supermarket operating all over the entire world and its headquarter is situated in England. The company has stores in 12 countries and it is one of the main leaders in the grocery market. Tesco has more than 28% market share and it has expanded its business widely. Tesco needs to analyse the suitable macro environmental factors that influences the market where it wants to expand its business. These factors will help the firm to assess the future market potential in that region. This paper will highlight the various political, legal, cultural and economic dimensions of Australia which is necessary for expansion of Tesco in Australia. It will help the mangers of Tesco to judge whether they will b e successful if they set up their business in Australia. The revenue and profitability of Tesco is increasing and it is crucial to examine the factors before expanding in Australia (Mollah, 2014). Brief background of Tesco and its overseas expansion Tesco is trying to serve its customers with quality products. It has employee strength of 460,000 and this has helped them to serve a huge customer base. Tesco has spread its business all over the world and there are more than 6,809 stores. A vast majority of its stores are located in Malaysia, U.S.A and Hungary. This depicts that the company has high brand recognition throughout the entire world. The company has a huge customer base. According to 2016 report, Tesco has more than 4.6 million subscribers with an average growth rate of 5%. There has been a growth in the number of customers in the banking sector of Tesco. The company has more than 7.4 million customers. This strong customer base of the company is due to large availability of various products such as baby products, food, drinks, health products, banking services (Haddock-Millar Rigby, 2015). The company also offers services in healthcare and various types of waste management and thus tries to maximize the welfare of the society. Tesco also provides training to the personnels for proper use of various waste management tools. This is a unique service provided by Tesco because there is no other supermarket which is engaged in the provision of welfare services. The company has also provided help to various local bodies for the waste management services. Tesco has to bear a huge cost for environmental management and thus it might be costlier for the company to adapt these strategies in the Australian supermarket after setting up the business in its initial stage (Ismail, 2017). Tesco has certain unique products which cannot be imitated by other supermarkets. Some products are patented by Tesco and they are provided in attractive price to the customers. There are various ranges of products such as cereals, pulses, eggs and breads which are available in all the retail stores of Tesco. Tesco has more than 10,000 products of its own logo and brand. Tesco has set out many ambitious plans for overseas expansion. The supermarket has more sales in other countries than in Britain. Its sales are double in Turkey and Central Europe. Tesco is trying to boost up its profitability. Tesco's is trying to expand in the shopping malls of various countries. This expansion strategy of Tesco is increasing the market share of Tesco (Tesco, P. L. C. 2014). Brief introduction of the Australian supermarket Tesco has to analyze the macro environmental factors before setting up its business in Australia. There are a large number of competitors in the Australian supermarket such as Coles and Woolworths which are dominating the entire supermarket. These two supermarkets are holding the major share in the market i.e. 75%. Aldi is also expanding rapidly in Australia and there are serious concerns of its expansion among the independent retailers. The Australian market is good for expansion of Tesco but it should try to consider the various other factors of its competitors before expanding in Australia (Brannen, Moore Mughan, 2013). Political and Legal analysis The economy of Australia is very stable and strong. It is suitable for any business to enter and expand in the market. Australia has a very strong financial and political system, diverse workforce, low rate of unemployment, safe and low risk environment for the operation of nay business. The economy of Australia shares a close political relationship with Europe, South America, Africa and Middle East countries. This will be an additional benefit for Tesco to expand its business in Australia. Thus, it will be beneficial to enter the Australian supermarket easily without any political restriction (McNair et al., 2017). The economy of Australia charges a corporate tax of 30% on the total revenue of the company. This rate is very high compared to other countries. This is regarded as the challenging factor for Tesco because it has to earn high profits for paying such a huge amount of tax. The food safety law of Australia is also very strong to prevent different types of food borne diseases (Sheen, Truck, Wang, 2015). Tesco has to maintain the quality of its products in the grocery sector so that it can survive in the Australian supermarket. The purchasing power of the people of Australia is very high and thus this influences the demand for the products. This will be advantageous for Tesco because people will be attracted to the supermarkets for the quality of products. The small retailers and the businessmen will have to bear huge losses because people prefer quality products and thus they will buy from the supermarkets (Meiners, Ringleb Edwards, 2014). Economic analysis The economy of Singapore is a highly and wealthy economy. It has least market barriers and open market environment. The Australian economy is regarded as the financial hub and high security for the supermarkets. The cross border trade will facilitate Tesco to set up its business easily in the Australian market. There are a large number of visitors and immigrants in Australia every year and thus this will be beneficial for Tesco as it can expand its business. Apart from free trade, the economy has high growth rate of GDP. The economy of Australia is dependent on international trade (Vu, 2016). According to 2017 report, Australia ranks 15th in the "ease of doing business" and this is advantageous for Tesco. The commercial environment in Australia is very attractive for the businessmen to start up their new venture. The economic growth is projected to increase by 3% upt0 2018 and this will be very advantageous for Tesco. According to the Australian Food News (2017), there are more than 22,668 businessmen and thus it accounted for $49.2 billion in the international trade of the country. There is also fluctuation in the exchange rate of the currency and thus this has weakened the Australian dollar. This will also adversely affect the business operation of Tesco. Thus, the economy of Australia is suitable for setting up new business venture. The tax charged from the businesses is also not very high and thus it will be profitable for Tesco to expand its business easily (Plumb, Kent Bishop, 2013). Cultural analysis The cultural analysis of Australia will be beneficial for Tesco to get a proper insight of the economy. Some important factors must be taken into consideration before analyzing the culture of Australia. Power distance: The rank of Australia in power distance is very low i.e. 36. This implies that inequality is very low in the Australian economy. This will be advantageous for Tesco. The low score of power distance of the Australian economy also implies that the managers of the organizations rely on the employees and the team members for improvement in sales. The communication among the people of Australia is informal and direct. Tesco can conduct surveys before expanding in Australia. The people of this country participate in all the activities and thus it will be easier for Tesco to analyze the needs and demand of the people (Geert Hofstede, 2017). Individualism: The score of Australia in this dimension is very high i.e. 90. This implies the competitive nature of the people and they are less bothered about other people. They remain concerned with themselves. The social relation among the people of Australia is very poor. They do not prefer to interact or communicate with the people and thus it can be said that there is no harmony in the society. This will be a barrier for Tesco because if people do not convey or communicate about the quality of products which will be provided by Tesco, it will be difficult to compete with the other brands (Zhao, 2014). Masculinity: The score of Australia in this dimension is very moderate i.e. 61. This implies that there is competition in the Australian market. There is no co-ordination or mutual understanding among the people of Australia. Though they respect each other and there is always a healthy competition among them, it will be profitable for Tesco to expand its business. The people will be attracted and motivated to buy quality products. They will be willing to pay high price because they prefer quality rather than price. This will boost up the competitive spirit of the company and they will try to develop their products accordingly. Uncertainty Avoidance: The score of Australia in this dimension is moderate i.e.51. The people of Australia are concerned about themselves and they try to avoid any uncertainties or danger. A section of people also try to face challenges and thus they like to explore before expanding their business. Tesco may have to bear certain risk before starting their business venture in Australia. Long Term Orientation: The score of Australia in this dimension is very low i.e. 21. There is no harmonious relationship among the people of Australia. The propensity to save of the people of Australia is very small and thus they try to focus on achieving greater results. The people of Australia do not prefer to make long term investments in purchasing the products. They are very pragmatic in their approach. Thus, it will be beneficial for Tesco to start up their business in Australia (Ferdous Aziz, 2014). Indulgence: The score of Australia in this dimension is high i.e.71. The people are fun loving and they spend their money on buying various products and services and thus lead a luxurious life. They are optimistic when they buy a particular product. They do not think of the long term benefit of the product. This will be beneficial for Tesco because will sell quality products in the market and people will prefer to buy them again (Leone et al., 2015). Ethics and Social Responsibility Tesco has launched various kinds of environmental programmers to protect the society and also help the customers. It has launched various kinds of self awareness programmes for the conservation of water, energy and fuel. Tesco has also tried to reduce the energy consumption and has made various plans to reduce it further in the future. The employees of Tesco also play an important role in protecting the environment. A corporate social responsibility team was formed in the company to ensure that it provides quality and healthy products to their customers. Tesco tries to minimize the negative impacts and maximize the benefits for the welfare of the society. The company has also made certain collaboration with the NGO s and the local bodies for protecting the environment and producing eco-friendly products. Tesco also tries to prioritize the needs of their esteemed customers. The suppliers and the investors of this company also try to work in co-ordination with Tesco for maximization of benefit (Fernie Sparks, 2014) Conclusion Thus, it can be said that Tesco needs to face various kinds of challenges before setting up their business in Australia. It must try to maintain the quality of the products so as to compete with the others supermarkets. The political, legal and the economic environment are also suitable for business operation of Tesco. Tesco will produce quality products at a cheaper cost and thus the people of Australia will prefer to buy grocery products from Tesco. The people of Australia are also ready to pay higher prices for quality products and thus this will be an advantageous factor for Tesco. Reference List Australian Food news. (2017).ausfoodnews.com.au. Retrieved 31 August 2017, from https://www.ausfoodnews.com.au/2012/10/15/economic-challenges-in-australian-food-and-grocery-industry-afgc-reports.html. Brannen, M. Y., Moore, F., Mughan, T. (2013, September). Strategic ethnography and reinvigorating Tesco Plc: Leveraging inside/out bicultural bridging in multicultural teams. InEthnographic Praxis in Industry Conference Proceedings(Vol. 2013, No. 1, pp. 282-299). Ferdous, J., Aziz, M. N. (2014). Consumer Perception, Behavioral Gap, and Response to Ethical Business: The UK Perspective.Journal of International Business Ethics,7(2), 46. Fernie, J., Sparks, L. (2014).Logistics and retail management: emerging issues and new challenges in the retail supply chain. Kogan page publishers. Geert Hofstede. (2017).geert-hofstede.com. Retrieved 31 August 2017, from https://geert-hofstede.com/australia.html Haddock-Millar, J., Rigby, C. (2015). Business Strategy and the Environment: Tesco PLCs Declining Financial Performance and Underlying Issues. Ismail, I. N. (2017). The Roles of Corporate Governance and its Influances on Risk and Performance: Tesco Plc. Leone, L., Ling, T., Baldassarre, L., Barnett, L. M., Capranica, L., Pesce, C. (2015). Corporate responsibility for childhood physical activity promotion in the UK.Health promotion international,31(4), 755-768. McNair, B., Flew, T., Harrington, S., Swift, A. (2017).Politics, Media and Democracy in Australia: Public and Producer Perceptions of the Political Public Sphere. Taylor Francis. Meiners, R. E., Ringleb, A. H., Edwards, F. L. (2014).The legal environment of business. Cengage Learning. Mollah, M. D. A. S. (2014). The impact of relationship marketing on customer loyalty at Tesco Plc, UK.European Journal of Business and Management,6(3), 21-55. Plumb, M., Kent, C., Bishop, J. (2013).Implications for the Australian economy of strong growth in Asia. Reserve Bank of Australia. Sheen, J., Truck, S., Wang, B. Z. (2015). Daily Business and External Condition Indices for the Australian Economy.Economic Record,91(S1), 38-53. Tesco, P. L. C. (2014). Annual report and financial statements 2014.TESCO https://www. tescoplc. com/media/417/tesco_annual_report_2011. pdf. Vu, M. (2016). IS THE BALANCED SCORECARD USEFUL IN A COMPETITIVE INDUSTRY?: Using Tesco PLC as a case study in the UK grocery retail industry. Zhao, S. (2014). Analyzing and evaluating critically Tescos current operations management.Journal of Management and Sustainability,4(4), 184.

How did Directed Activities Related to Text come about Essay Example

How did Directed Activities Related to Text come about Essay Traditionally secondary school pupils copied from the blackboard or from dictation to make a set of notes that they learned (by heart) for exams. However, copying things down is a completely passive task requiring little mental effort or involvement in the lesson. As comprehensive schools developed during the mid-1970s, classes became increasingly differentiated with some pupils for whom extended writing was a difficult and unpleasant experience and therefore a source of anxiety. The first step towards resolving this issue was to set small group work using worksheets needing only short answers to structured questions. This seemed a feasible way to organise a mixed ability class. However, many of the first worksheets relied heavily on recipe style instructions providing little opportunity for interaction with the text or making the pupils think (Sutton, 1992). Around this time, a case was made for language for learning, or language across the curriculum (Bullock Report, 1975). There were concerns that the routines of secondary school would allow some pupils to become too passive in their learning, with insufficient demand on them to reformulate their ideas, in other words, construct their own meaning (Sutton, 1992). There developed a need to resolve conflicting demands for busy science teachers to manage practical work well, but also to organise a range of other language-centred activities (ibid. ). A project described in Lunzer and Gardner (1979) suggested that passive reading occurred when reading tasks were vague and general, rather than specific, and where reading was solitary rather than shared. This project developed activities and techniques that made pupils focus on important parts of text, and involved them in reflecting on the content otherwise known as DARTs (Henderson and Wellington, 1998). We will write a custom essay sample on How did Directed Activities Related to Text come about specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on How did Directed Activities Related to Text come about specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on How did Directed Activities Related to Text come about specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer What were the consequences for the classroom? It was not just a matter of adding a text-based activity to each lesson, it also meant a change in attitude in how teachers engaged pupils in science lessons. Science teaching today is considered a process of facilitating learning new ways of seeing and talking. The means available are partly through experience (such as practical work) and partly linguistic (written work and discussion), and both develop what the learner sees in his or her minds eye (Sutton, 1992). What are the strengths and limitations of DARTs? Present-day DARTs offer a great deal of variety of tasks, and are designed to make pupils think more actively rather than following a set of instructions (see Appendix II) and therefore offer an invaluable tool to the teacher. Pupils can build up a collection of them into a record of their work. Few textbooks exactly cover the material as required by the teacher and, unless they have kept their own record, how will the pupils revise their work? Notes in the form of DARTs, from which the pupils make tables or label diagrams etc. rovide an accurate record. Any lesson time spent copying is dead time (no good at making a class think). If we use this dead time for a DART, pupils will have the text and will have begun to construct their own ideas of it. Their writing time is therefore more productively and creatively spent. DARTs can be used to test childrens understanding of how concepts are linked rather that the meaning of words. For example, the widely used Cloze technique aims to ensu re that pupils read the sentence with enough understanding to supply the missing word. To ensure the learning is active, the working words are omitted from the text (e. g. into, have, make, for) therefore requiring the pupil to understand the concept (active) rather than just filling in the words by their meaning (passive). During my school placement, I had the opportunity of creating and delivering DARTs to Year 9 pupils (see Appendix II for examples). In addition to the strengths of variety, recording and active learning, I encountered several other advantages of using DARTs. For example, teaching National Curriculum science is by definition a crowded agenda. There is little spare time and therefore every lesson minute must be treated as precious, and needs to be carefully planned (whether it is for practical, written work, discussion, problem-solving etc). Copying large chunks of text or tables is time-consuming and leaves less time for active learning. Using DARTs enabled me to spend more time on the learning objectives. Using DARTs avoided too much chalk and talk and ensured the class stayed engaged in the lesson. In addition, a bonus advantage was that a DART exercise settled lively classes (particularly worth remembering as a trainee teacher). Finally, and significantly, a strength which can only be observed first-hand the pupils enjoyed DARTs. Despite all the strengths of DARTs, there are limitations to the technique. For example, it is easy for worksheets of any kind to be discarded or lost after use and the pupil not to regard them as having value. For example, during my school placement, any worksheets should have been glued into pupil notebooks during the lesson. However, in any class I observed there were inevitably at least 2 pupils who had forgotten their notebooks and therefore their worksheets remained loose at the bottom of their school bags or in the class tray until the following week, or worse, left behind on the floor of the lab. Clearly there are organisational and management issues which need to be addressed. Effective use of DARTs requires a recognised (by pupil and teacher) system for keeping DART records. Cloze text can suffer from the problem that pupils tend to want to find the missing word without understanding the text which it is why it is wise to omit the working words. Since each pupil needs a copy of their own, it may be better to convert cloze text into scrambled text, which requires more understanding and less guessing. There can be common difficulties with reading. For instance pupils often cannot relate to the type of science texts used in school in terms of language and style or the class could comprise of a wide range of reading ages. There are three problems with using extracts from textbooks. First the writing may be too difficult. The simplest formula that measures the readability of texts is the SMOG test (see Appendix III). If the book has short sentences and few long words it is easier to read and therefore a low reading age score. Any DART needs to be tailored to the reading age of the pupil. A second problem is that the subject content may not fit your requirements exactly and schools are often limited in the range of text that they can offer pupils. The third problem is that DARTs may pose difficulties for ESL pupils. Therefore the individual literacy abilities in a class must be considered when selecting DARTs for use in a lesson.

Facts About Author and Illustrator Patricia Polacco

Facts About Author and Illustrator Patricia Polacco Because so many of Patricia Polaccos childhood experiences have served as the inspiration for her children’s picture books, it’s particularly interesting to look at her life and her books together.   Dates: July 11, 1944 -   Also Known As: Patricia Barber Polacco Interesting Facts About Patricia Polaccos Life and Work 1. Patricia Polacco did not begin writing children’s books until she was 41 and by late 2013, had been writing children’s books for 28 years. Her first book, which based on childhood experience, was Meteor! 2. Patricia Polacco’s parents divorced when she was three years old. Since her parents moved back to their parents’ homes, and she went back and forth between those homes, her grandparents became a big influence on her life and later, in her writing. With a Russian and Ukrainian heritage on her mother’s side and Irish on her father’s, she was surrounded by storytellers and loved hearing family stories. 3.  Some of Polacco’s favorite books as a child included Beatrix Potter’s Peter Rabbit, The Tall Mother Goose by Fedor Rojankovsky, Grimm’s Fairy Tales and Horton Hatches the Egg by Dr. Seuss. Among the contemporary authors and illustrators, she admires are Jerry Pinkney, Gloria Jean Pinkney, Tomie dePaola, Alan Say, Virginia Hamilton, Jan Brett, and Lois Lowry. 4. A learning disability kept Polacco from learning to read until she was 14. Years later, she celebrated the assistance she received from a caring teacher her picture book Thank You, Mr. Falker.   The same kids who teased her about her poor reading skills praised Polacco’s artwork. Art was something she could do easily and in a 2013 presentation in Wichita, Kansas, Polacco said, â€Å"For me, art is like breathing.† 5.  Despite this rough start in school, Polacco went on to earn a Ph.D. in Art History, with an emphasis on iconography. In Oakland, she attended the California College of Arts and Crafts and Laney Community College. Polacco then went to Australia where she attended Monash University in a suburb of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. 6. Patricia Polacco’s picture books, most of which are based on family and childhood experiences, emphasize diversity, a reflection of both her own multicultural family and what eight-year-old Patricia and her brother, Richard, found when they moved with their mother to Oakland, California where they spent the school year, spending summers with their father in rural Michigan. In reference to growing up in the Rockridge District of Oakland, Polacco said she loved the fact â€Å"†¦that all of my neighbors came in as many colors, ideas, and religions as there are people on the planet. How lucky I was to know so many people that were so different and yet so much alike.† 7.  After a brief first marriage that ended in divorce, Patricia Polacco married chef and cooking instructor Enzo Polacco. Their two children, now adults, are Traci Denise and Steven John. She wrote about Enzo in her children’s book In Enzos Splendid Gardens. 8.  The many awards that Patricia Polacco has received for her children’s picture books include the: 1988 Sydney Taylor Book Award for The Keeping Quilt, 1989 International Reading Association Award for Rechenka’s Eggs, 1992 Golden Kite Award for Illustration from the Society of Children’s Book Writers and Illustrators (SCBWI) and a 1993 Jane Adams Peace Association and Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom Honor Award for Mrs. Katz and Tush. 9.  For those interested in writing books, Polacco stresses the importance of taking the time to use (and listen to) your imagination and not get distracted by outside interruptions, like television.  In fact, she attributes her vivid imagination to all the storytelling in her family and the absence of a TV. 10.  Patricia Polacco never forgot the early years she spent on her grandparents’ farm in Union City, Michigan, and the stories her Babushka (grandmother) told.  After almost 37 years in Oakland, she moved back to Union City where she now has a home, a studio and many plans for writing workshops and storytelling events. More About Polaccos Work If your 7- to 12-year-olds are eager to learn more about Patricia Polacco and her books, a wonderful introduction to her work is  Firetalking, her brief autobiography for children, which features lots of color photographs and information about her family, her life, and her books. Sources 9/10/13 presentation by Patricia Polacco at Watermark Books, Wichita Kansas, â€Å"Meet Patricia Polacco.†Ã‚  Houghton Mifflin Reading. Polacco, Patricia. â€Å"Author Biography of Patricia Polacco.†Ã‚  Scholastic. â€Å"Transcript from an Interview with Patricia Polacco.†Ã‚  Reading Rockets, 12 Aug. 2013.

Internet as a social media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Internet as a social media - Essay Example Orkut emphasized on making social friends and brought the domain of Internet interactions closer than Microsoft Messengers and other instant messaging toolboxes. Social media websites were designed to be more intuitive for people to people interaction. During the days of Instant Messaging, the interaction was limited to a private chat box, which could only extend to a particular number of people at a time. It was not a theatre of people to people communication since communication on the Instant Messaging chat boxes was an instantly private affair. However, Orkut changed all that. Now, people were given the opportunity to create their identity on the Internet, which went beyond the possibility of a P2P interaction. People created their own user identities, which were open for others to have a look at them. This allowed like-minded people to come together and interact. The social media websites created a hub for humans to find each other and communicate just like they would in their real lives, by making new friends in their official or social circle and then indulging in various relationships. â€Å"Social media are Internet sites where people interact freely, sharing and discussing information about each other and their lives, using a multimedia mix of personal words, pictures, videos and audio.† Orkut was extremely open in the way it carried out its affairs. Social privacy was not given much of an importance and this was the root cause as to why people shifted their focus from Orkut to Facebook, which had just started off in the year of 2006. I joined Facebook from Orkut in 2007 and even that at that time Orkut was a big deal, as there were more number of people logged in on Orkut than Facebook, but Facebook was catching up fast since it provided an even more intuitive, and friendly user interface which gave the user better command at his user identity on